Pain and suffering damages in personal injury cases are often hard to measure, but they are closely linked to medical expenses, the severity of the injury, and the amount requested by the plaintiff. This connection suggests that economic factors play a significant role in determining pain and suffering damages. The study looked at court cases in Taiwan and the U.S., finding that judges and juries consistently award noneconomic damages in a way that aligns with economic damages. This suggests that there is a strong relationship between the two types of damages in personal injury cases.