The article explains how Windows works behind the scenes, going beyond just making calls to the Windows API. It uses pseudocode to show the actual implementation of Windows functions, detailing what happens when a Windows program runs. The topics covered include memory management, program creation and destruction, dynamic linking, the Windows-DOS interface, the scheduler, messaging system, resource management, and GDI basics. The information is based on analyzing the binary code of Windows program files, providing an authoritative account of the complex interactions within Windows.