Breeding plans for animals aim to improve their genetic traits. Scientists use DNA markers to estimate breeding values, which predict an animal's performance. Recent research shows that genes can have different effects on offspring depending on the parent's sex. By tracking gene flow through generations, scientists can calculate weighting factors for breeding values. These factors help determine which traits are passed on to offspring. The amount of information available for selection is influenced by DNA markers linked to specific genes. This method helps breeders make informed decisions to improve animal traits and manage inbreeding.