The article explores how changes in land use and climate can impact landscapes. By studying past and current land use patterns and projecting future scenarios, researchers can better understand these effects. Factors like topography, soil characteristics, and human activities influence how land is used. Climate variability also plays a significant role in shaping landscapes. By combining climate change and land use change scenarios with hydrogeomorphologic models, researchers can predict how landscapes may change in the future. Two case studies in Italy show how different areas respond to these changes. The study found that combining climate and land use scenarios can help predict how landscapes will be affected by erosion and changes in water flow.