Microfinance in South Asia started in Bangladesh in the 1970s to help poor rural people. It grew a lot in the 1990s and continued to expand in the 2000s. India also developed a big microfinance system using Self-Help Groups. Other countries in the region started later but now have active microfinance sectors too. The paper talks about the financial landscape, challenges, how microfinance is delivered, different types of financial products, how well microfinance institutions perform, and the impact on society. Systems that support microfinance are also discussed. Overall, microfinance has helped millions of people in South Asia access financial services and improve their lives.