A new air quality index called NAQI was introduced in China to consider all air pollutants, unlike the previous indices. The study found that NAQI identified more days with poor air quality compared to the older indices. PM10 was a major contributor to air pollution in all three indices, with stricter pollution control needed in Luzhou. The results suggest that focusing on all pollutants, not just a few, can provide a more comprehensive understanding of air quality in China.