The article explores how government-sponsored collaboration networks impact innovation in the Chinese solar PV sector. By analyzing scientific publications and patents, the researchers found that different types of network connections affect exploratory and exploitative innovations differently. Direct connections have a mixed effect on exploratory innovation, while indirect connections are beneficial for exploitative innovation. Efficient networks positively influence both types of innovation. Geographical proximity, however, has a negative impact on innovation. This suggests that collaboration networks should be carefully structured to enhance both types of innovation, and policymakers need to consider network structure when designing policies.