The problem of water pollution in China is becoming more serious. Between 2001 and 2014, there were 183 incidents of water pollution in China, involving chemicals, heavy metals, and algal blooms. Chemical pollution, illegal discharges, and industrial activities are the main causes of water contamination. Heavy metal pollution is mostly from illegal industrial discharges. To reduce pollution, industries need to act responsibly, and the government must enhance supervision of industrial discharges and control pollution sources more strictly. By analyzing different emergency responses to various pollution sources, this study offers guidance to improve water pollution management.