Soil and water conservation technology is crucial for controlling soil and water loss in vulnerable areas. In the Zhifanggou watershed, different technologies were used over 70 years to address ecological, economic, and social issues. These included engineering, cultivation, and biotechnology methods. As the agricultural system developed, the focus shifted from meeting basic needs to solving environmental problems and adjusting the industrial structure. To promote ecological civilization and sustainable development, it is important to enhance soil and water conservation technology, improve stand structure, enhance biodiversity, and optimize agricultural resources.