The study looked at how spells are used in theater makyong performances. The researchers found that these spells are used to protect against evil spirits and prepare the stage for the show. They collected data from literature and interviews with experts in theater makyong. The spells used include swearing, evil and averse evil spells, fabric installation spells, makeup spells, voice spells, and speechless spells. Overall, the spells play a crucial role in ensuring the safety and success of theater makyong performances.