The diversity of life in the soil of European forests is influenced by changes in the environment. The structure of soil communities is shaped by various factors like location, time, and hierarchy. Changes in the environment, land use, and forest management affect the aboveground parts of forests, which in turn impact the biodiversity in the soil. However, we still have much to learn about how these changes affect overall biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and the future stability of forests and soils. It is important to make more efforts to protect soil biodiversity and consider soil conservation in forest management strategies.