The goal of the study was to find efficient ways to manage U-turns on arterial roads for left-turning traffic. The researchers proposed allowing U-turns on dedicated lanes before pedestrian crossings or at nearby intersections without pedestrian crossings. They conducted simulations on a 5-lane arterial road and found that for left-turning traffic up to 400 vehicles per hour, using U-turns was more efficient. They also determined that using dedicated U-turn lanes for left-turning traffic from main and side roads was more effective in most cases. Overall, the study provides guidelines for optimizing U-turn operations on arterial roads based on different traffic volumes and configurations.