Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) can impact coastal water quality and marine life by carrying pollutants through fractures in the ground. Scientists used math to study how water and pollutants move through fractures in the ground near the ocean. They found that the movement of water and pollutants is influenced by changes in sea level, causing fluctuations in flow speed and pollutant concentration. This information can help with cleaning up pollution and protecting marine environments near the coast.