Intercropping groundnut and sesame in equal rows resulted in higher yields and profits compared to other planting patterns in rainfed conditions. This system produced 1106 kg/ha of groundnut pods, with a land equivalent ratio of 1.18 and a net return of Rs 30691/ha. The nutrient use productivity was highest in sole groundnut, while the highest levels of available nitrogen and potassium were found in groundnut + greengram (1:1) and the highest available phosphorus in sole mothbean. Overall, groundnut + sesame (1:1) is a sustainable intercropping system for rainfed areas in Gujarat.