Researchers successfully extracted cellulose nanofibrils and lignin from waste jute bags using a single pretreatment method. By cooking the jute bags with soda, they were able to break down the biomass and isolate the cellulose and lignin components. The yields of lignin and cellulose were 58% and 45%, respectively. Chemical analysis confirmed the removal of lignin and hemicellulose, while imaging techniques showed the structural changes in the fibers. The cellulose nanofibrils and lignin extracted were found to have higher thermal stability than the raw jute fibers. This study demonstrates a simple and efficient way to extract valuable materials from waste jute bags.