The article discusses how the presumption of innocence is being challenged by laws that require the accused to prove their innocence. It examines whether these laws are constitutional in different places. The researchers suggest that focusing on whether these laws allow someone to be found guilty even with doubts about their guilt is a good approach. However, they warn that changing the definition of crimes could shift the burden of proof onto the accused. They recommend looking at factors like moral responsibility and intent when deciding what the prosecutor needs to prove for a conviction.