Researchers conducted experiments to create silica mixed with tin dioxide for waveguide devices. They used rice husk ash to make silica xerogels and optimized the process to get the highest silica content. By mixing these xerogels with tin dioxide and sintering them at different temperatures, they produced ceramic waveguide materials. The materials were then analyzed using various methods to study their properties. The results showed that the composition of tin dioxide and the sintering temperature affected the properties of the waveguide materials.