The scientists studied how freezing and vitrification affect rabbit embryos. They wanted to see how these methods impact embryo development, implantation, and birth rates. Slow freezing and vitrification caused different times of loss during pregnancy. Before implantation, both methods changed gene expression in embryos similarly. However, vitrified embryos showed fewer changes if directly transferred. Vitrification affected embryo weight and gene expression during pregnancy. It altered the placenta at day 14 and later, with lasting protein changes. Vitrified newborns ended up weighing more. This study sheds light on the effects of freezing on embryo development and raises questions about the long-term impact of vitrification on offspring.