The study focused on evaluating male infertility by looking at sperm characteristics. Researchers analyzed 933 samples from men seeking fertility treatment. They found that most men had normal sperm counts (normozoospermia), while some had low sperm counts (oligozoospermia) or no sperm at all (azoospermia). Men with low sperm counts also had higher levels of white blood cells, fewer moving sperm, and more misshapen sperm. Some men had sperm with poor movement (asthenozoospermia) or abnormal shapes (teratozoospermia). Overall, the study showed that most infertility cases in men are linked to normal sperm count, but low sperm count or poor sperm quality can also contribute to infertility.