Long-term tillage practices significantly impact the yield and water use of winter wheat and grain sorghum. No tillage showed the highest yields for both crops, with a 120% advantage for sorghum and a 31% advantage for wheat over conventional tillage. Reduced tillage also outperformed conventional tillage, with a 55% advantage for sorghum and a 12% advantage for wheat. Available soil water at planting was greater for no tillage and reduced tillage compared to conventional tillage. Overall, no tillage resulted in higher yields and water productivity for both crops, with sorghum showing a greater benefit than wheat.