Groundnut oil quality is important for human health and storage stability. Researchers induced genetic variability in groundnut cultivars to improve fatty acid profiles using chemical and physical mutagens. They found that one cultivar showed higher oleic acid levels and lower linoleic acid levels after treatment, while another cultivar showed the opposite trend. Marker-assisted selection could help improve fatty acid profiles. Limited genetic diversity was found among mutants, but one marker showed high polymorphism. Mutants with high oleic/linoleic acid ratios were closely related at the molecular level. One mutant had a significantly altered DNA sequence compared to its parent. Further research on genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis could lead to the development of molecular markers for breeding high-quality oil.