Municipal solid waste (MSW) is usually managed by landfill or incineration, but mechanical-biological treatment (MBT) can be a better option. MBT separates biodegradable waste and recovers recyclables from mixed waste. A study compared MBT with other waste treatment methods and found that MBT is the most energy-efficient when combined with biogas purification. It also has lower environmental impacts and is adaptable to changing waste compositions. However, MBT is not as economically viable and needs financial support. To improve its economic performance, revenue from products should be increased, and sharing infrastructure between waste treatment facilities should be encouraged.