Researchers developed a new method to determine soil properties in mountain soils by optimizing dry soil bulk density. They used a model to calculate water flow and found that adjusting this density helped accurately predict soil water content. By minimizing errors between measured and calculated data, they identified the best density values. Testing this method in two watersheds showed it to be effective, with good modeling efficiency values. This approach simplifies the calibration process by focusing on just one parameter, making it computationally efficient for studying water flow in complex mountain soils.