Solar desalination using solar thermal technologies is a growing area of research to find alternatives to fossil fuel-based desalination plants. There are two main types: direct, which is simpler and cheaper for small-scale production, and indirect, which combines solar heat generation with traditional desalination methods. Direct solar desalination requires more space but is cost-effective for smaller operations. Indirect solar desalination is more productive and efficient for larger-scale desalination plants.