Urban centers have been striving to become more sustainable since the 1980s. Different sustainability concepts like "sustainable city," "smart city," and "resilient city" have emerged, each with its own focus on technology and environmental ideals. These concepts are likely to impact the physical layout of cities, known as urban form. A study looked at five common sustainability concepts - sustainable city, smart city, eco-city, low carbon city, and green city - and found that green and eco cities may lead to less compact urban forms, while the others support more compact layouts.