Lead stress negatively affects the growth and photosynthesis of privet seedlings. As lead concentrations in the soil increase, the seedlings' growth is restricted, and lead ions accumulate in their roots, stems, and leaves. This leads to a decrease in chlorophyll levels and photosynthetic abilities, while carotene levels increase. Under lead stress, the structure of the seedlings' cells, particularly chloroplasts, is altered. The content of lead in the leaves has the most significant impact on seedling growth. Overall, this study helps us understand how heavy metals like lead can harm plants and how they can potentially be used in cleaning up contaminated environments.