The sediment flux from the Zhoushan Archipelago in eastern China was studied to understand its impact on sediment records. The predicted sediment load from the archipelago ranges from 0.7 to 26.5 million tons per year, with an average of 10.7 million tons per year. Islands with larger areas or higher relief contribute significantly to the total flux. While the sediment load is lower than that of the Changjiang River, it is similar to local small rivers. The archipelago influences sediment transport into Hangzhou Bay and coastal seas. Sediments from the archipelago had a significant effect on the shelf sedimentary system during the Holocene period from 6,000 to 2,000 years ago. This study shows how an archipelago can play a crucial role in supplying and transporting sediment in coastal and inner continental shelf regions.