The researchers studied ways to improve fish farming in ponds by adding small indigenous species and reducing feed. They tested different combinations of fish and feeding methods in two trials, one in a research station and one in farmers' ponds. They found that ponds with a mix of carps, small indigenous species, and bamboo substrate with less feed had the highest fish yield and profit. This method also increased profit for women farmers in on-farm trials. By using less feed and enhancing periphyton, they were able to improve efficiency and maintain fish yields.