Artificial forests on the Loess Plateau in China can lead to soil water depletion, affecting soil health. Different tree species and ages impact soil water storage differently. Salix matsudana uses shallow soil water, Populus cathayana uses deep soil water, and Sophora japonica consumes less water. After 12 years, severe soil water depletion occurs. To maintain healthy vegetation, prioritize planting species like Sophora japonica with lower water consumption.