Plant functional traits in forest communities can affect ecosystem structure and function. A study in Xiaowutai Mountain National Nature Reserve, Hebei, looked at various traits like seed dispersal and leaf form. They found that functional diversity indices were strongly linked to species diversity and environmental factors. Altitude played a significant role in functional diversity, with most indices decreasing at higher altitudes. Environmental variables like soil temperature and disturbance also influenced functional diversity. The indices were categorized into functional richness, divergence, and evenness, each providing valuable insights into forest community dynamics.