The article investigates whether inflation in Egypt is caused more by government spending (fiscal policy) or by the central bank's actions (monetary policy). Using a special statistical method, the researchers found that high government debt and deficits have a bigger impact on prices than changes in interest rates. This means that when the government spends too much or borrows too heavily, it can lead to higher prices for consumers. The study suggests that simply raising interest rates may not be enough to control inflation in Egypt, as the government's financial decisions play a major role in driving up prices.