The study looked at changes in how rice is grown in China and why some provinces have more declines in double-cropping than others. They found that rising labor costs due to more people moving to cities are a big reason why farmers are planting less rice. But other factors like temperature and land use played a role too. Different provinces had different experiences – some saw big drops in rice-growing, while others stayed more stable. This led to suggestions for tailored policies, like giving support to areas where rice growing is struggling. Also, using more machines and supporting farm workers can help farmers continue growing rice twice a year.