Brazil has varying sugarcane yields, leading to potential for increased production. Three models were used to analyze yield gaps, with water deficit and crop management identified as main causes. Water deficit accounts for 73% of the yield gap, while sub-optimal crop management contributes 27%. Northeastern region has highest yield gap from water deficit, while São Paulo State has lowest from crop management issues. Solutions like irrigation, drought-tolerant cultivars, and crop rotation could help reduce yield gaps and decrease cultivated area by up to 32%.