The study looked at how different types of land affect how much rainwater runs off into streams. They tested soil infiltration and used a model to estimate runoff volume. Results showed that agricultural land caused the most runoff, followed by disturbed forests and bushlands. Agricultural land had lower soil permeability, leading to more streamflow. The model predicted higher runoff volumes from agricultural land and bushlands compared to other land types during rainstorms in the rural area studied in Uganda.