Conservation tillage in agriculture can increase N2O emissions by 17.8% compared to traditional tillage methods. The biggest increase in emissions occurs in tropical climates with short-term conservation tillage. Factors like soil pH and clay content affect N2O emissions, while soil texture and organic carbon do not. Practices like rain-fed cropping, residue removal, and crop rotation can help reduce N2O emissions. Overall, conservation tillage may lessen the benefits of climate change mitigation due to increased N2O emissions.