The study analyzed rainfall patterns on the Loess Plateau from 1965 to 2014. Most areas receive 400-600 mm of rain annually, with the most rain falling in the southeast. However, rainfall in the southeast has decreased over the past 50 years. Extreme rainfall events have also decreased in this region. Erosive rainfall, which causes soil erosion, has decreased along with overall rainfall. Changes in rainfall intensity and frequency are the main factors affecting annual precipitation variability. The length of the rainy season has a minimal impact. The eastern region is more affected by changes in rainfall intensity, while the region as a whole is influenced more by rainfall frequency. These findings can help understand and manage drought and soil erosion on the plateau.