Vermicomposting is a way to turn food scraps and other organic waste into nutrient-rich soil using earthworms. Different types of earthworms can be used, but only epigeic earthworms work without soil. The most common species used are Eisenia andrei and Eisenia fetida. It's important to keep these species separate to maintain the quality of the vermicompost. The article also discusses methods for growing and reproducing earthworms effectively.