The study examined semen samples from men with varicocele at a Navy hospital in Surabaya in 2015 to understand their sperm quality. Their goal was to analyze the sperm motility, count, and shape. They found that all 36 patients had abnormal sperm, with some having low sperm count or poor sperm movement. None of the samples had normal sperm quality. This suggests that varicocele can impact male fertility by affecting sperm health.