China's environmental policies lack authority and focus on adoption over R&D.
Environmental policy instruments in China are crucial for promoting firms' environmental innovation. A study analyzed 231 policies from 1987 to 2016 and found that most policies lack authority and focus on notification. Market-based instruments are used more than command-control or information-based ones. Policies mainly target environmental innovation adoption rather than research and development. Government procurement and information disclosure measures are underutilized in promoting environmental innovation.