The study aimed to understand how different Indian wheat varieties use nitrogen efficiently to improve grain yield. Researchers tested 30 wheat cultivars in field experiments in Maharashtra, India, over two years. They found that genetic differences influenced grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Wheat plants took up less nitrogen under low nitrogen conditions, but used it more efficiently to produce grain. The timing of leaf aging was linked to nitrogen uptake at flowering, which is crucial for high grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in wheat grown with limited nitrogen in India.