The study looked at different ways wastewater is treated in Palestine and found that some of the resulting water doesn't meet safety standards. They tested how well the water reacted with chlorine and found that it could form harmful chemicals called trihalomethanes (THMs). The type of treatment used and the original water source affected how much THMs were formed. In all cases, the levels of THMs were higher than what is safe to drink, which could lead to an increased risk of cancer, liver, and kidney diseases for people who use this water.