The study analyzed 60 years of data from the Kuye River to understand changes in annual runoff. By examining meteorological and hydrological information, researchers found that human activities, like water conservation and coal mining, have significantly reduced the river's annual runoff. Climate change also played a role, but its impact decreased over time. The research showed a clear decline in annual runoff, with human activities being the main reason for this decrease. The findings suggest that efforts to conserve water and manage land use can help address the reduction in runoff in the Kuye River.