Tempered glass façades in fires can cause dangerous fallout flames.
Tempered glass used in building facades during fires can behave differently depending on the frame insulation. In experiments, tempered glass panels with insulated frames showed better fire resistance. The critical temperature difference and heat flux for tempered glass are higher than for regular glass. Glass fallout can lead to unexpected flames and affect fire growth and temperature distribution in a room. These findings can help improve the design of glass facades for fire safety.