Soybean growth and photosynthesis are affected by both temperature and phosphorus levels. Phosphorus deficiency worsens the impact of low temperatures on soybean growth and photosynthesis. Warmer temperatures can compensate for the negative effects of phosphorus deficiency on soybean growth, but they can also harm pod development. Phosphorus deficiency increases the efficiency of phosphorus use by soybean plants, leading to better utilization of available phosphorus. Warmer temperatures delay flowering and pod development in soybeans, regardless of phosphorus levels. Overall, the interaction between temperature and phosphorus levels significantly influences soybean growth and photosynthesis.