Afghanistan's natural resources are crucial for the country's development, especially for its rural population. Rangelands and forests provide essential resources like fodder, fuel wood, water, and medicinal plants for the majority of Afghans. The government is focusing on improving natural resource management to boost agriculture, address climate change, create rural jobs, and support economic growth. This World Bank paper emphasizes the importance of revitalizing the management of rangelands and forests to ensure sustainable development in Afghanistan.