Instructional theory explores different ways to help people learn better. This article summarizes new methods of instruction being developed, showing how they relate to each other and discussing current trends. Changes in instructional theory have been driven by advances in brain research, learning theory, educational beliefs, and technology. These changes have led to the need for a new paradigm of instruction. The article provides a broad overview of various instructional theories, making it easier for educators and students to understand and compare them.