Bilevel optimization involves solving two nested optimization problems, with one problem embedded within the other. This approach is commonly used in various real-world fields like transportation, economics, and engineering. The researchers in this study focused on formulating a specific type of bilevel optimization problem on affine manifolds. They explored how to optimize two levels of tasks with different objectives and constraints. The study delved into topics like affine convex functions, posynomial functions, and algorithms for solving bilevel disjunctive problems.