The article explores the historical development of liberalism and conservatism. Liberalism focuses on liberty, equality, civil rights, free elections, and free trade. Conservatism aims to maintain traditional values and resist radical changes. Conservatism emerged after the French Revolution as a response to its criticisms. Various thinkers have contributed to the development of conservatism over time. Key terms include liberalism, neo-liberalism, conservatism, and neo-conservatism.