The study looked at how different soil and water conservation methods affect runoff and sediment in a sloping orchard in southern China over 15 years. They found that the first 4 years are crucial for preventing soil erosion, with grass strips being the most effective method. The impact of the conservation measures on reducing sediment followed an 'L' shape curve over time, while runoff remained relatively constant. The methods did not change how rainfall affects runoff, but did alter the relationship between runoff and sediment erosion. In the early phase, the measures reduced erosion by decreasing runoff and changing the runoff-sediment relationship, while in the later phase, they mainly reduced runoff. These findings can help decide on the best conservation methods based on location and time.