The researchers studied fish diversity and conservation status at Patok and Khonkae Bays, Racha Yai Island, Thailand. They counted and identified fish species, calculated diversity indices, and assessed IUCN conservation status. The study found that fish diversity and richness were similar between the two bays, but evenness was higher in Khonkae Bay. Most fish species were in the 'not evaluated' or 'data deficient' categories, with only one species near threatened. The distribution of fish species was more even in Khonkae Bay compared to Patok Bay, where one species dominated.